American-born writer, gifted with talents in literature, psychology, and philosophy. James wrote 20 novels, 112 stories, 12 plays and a number of literary criticism. His models were Dickens, Balzac, and Hawthorne. James once said that he learned more of the craft of writing from Balzac "than from anyone else".

"A novel is in its broadest sense a personal, a direct impression of life: that, to begin with, constitutes its value, which is greater or less according to the intensity of the impression." (from The Art of Fiction, 1885)

Henry James was born in New York City into a wealthy family. His father, Henry James Sr., was one of the best-known intellectuals in mid-nineteenth-century America, whose friends included Thoreau, Emerson and Hawthorne. James made little money from his novels. Once his friend, the writer Edith Wharton, secretly arranged him a royal advance of $8,000 for The Ivory Tower (1917), but the money actually came from Wharton's royalty account with the publisher. When Wharton sent him a letter bemoaning her unhappy marriage, James replied: "Keep making the movements of life."

In his youth James traveled back and forth between Europe and America. He studied with tutors in Geneva, London, Paris, Bologna and Bonn At the age of nineteen he briefly attended Harvard Law School, but was more interested in literature than studying law. James published his first short story, 'A Tragedy of Errors' two years later, and then devoted himself to literature. In 1866-69 and 1871-72 he was contributor to the Nation and Atlantic Monthly.

From an early age James had read the classics of English, American, French and German literature, and Russian classics in translation. His first novel, Watch and Ward (1871), appeared first serially in the Atlantic. James wrote it while he was traveling through Venice and Paris. Watch and Ward tells a story of a bachelor who adopts a twelve-year-old girl and plans to marry her.

After living in Paris, where James was contributor to the New York Tribune, he moved to England, living first in London and then in Rye, Sussex. "It is a real stroke of luck for a particular country that the capital of the human race happens to be British. Surely every other people would have it theirs if they could. Whether the English deserve to hold it any longer might be an interesting field of inquiry; but as they have not yet let it slip the writer of these lines professes without scruple that the arrangement is to his personal taste. For after all if the sense of life is greatest there, it is a sense of the life of people of our incomparable English speech." (from London, 1888) During his first years in Europe James wrote novels that portrayed Americans living abroad. James's years in England were uneventful. In 1905 he visited America for the first time in twenty-five year, and wrote 'Jolly Corner.' It was based on his observations of New York, but also a nightmare of a man, who is haunted by a doppelgänger.

Between 1906 and 1910 James revised many of his tales and novels for the so-called New York Edition of his complete works. It was published by Charles Scribner's Sons. His autobiography, A Small Boy and Others (1913) was continued in Notes of a Son and Brother (1914). The third volume The Middle Years, came out posthumously in 1917. The outbreak of World War I was a shock for James and in 1915 he became a British citizen as a loyalty to his adopted country and in protest against the US's refusal to enter the war.

James suffered a stroke on December 2, 1915. He expected to die and exclaimed: "So this is it at last, the distinguished thing!" However, James died three months later in Rye on February 28, 1916. Two novels, The Ivory Tower and The Sense of the Past (1917), were left unfinished at his death.

Characteristic for James novels are understanding and sensitively drawn lady portraits; James himself was a homosexual, but sensitive to basic sexual differences and the fact that he was a male. His main themes were the innocence of the New World in conflict with corruption and wisdom of the Old. Among his masterpieces is Daisy Miller (1879), where the young and innocent American Daisy finds her values in conflict with European sophistication.

In The Portrait of a Lady (1881) again a young American woman is fooled during her travels in Europe. James started to write the work in Florence in 1879 and continued with it in Venice. The definitive version appeared in 1908. "I had rooms on Riva Sciavoni, at the top of a house near the passage leading off to San Zaccaria; the waterside life, the wondrous lagoon spread before me, and the ceaseless human chatter of Venice came in at my windows, to which I seem to myself to have been constantly driven, in the fruitless fidget of composition, as if to see whether, out in the blue channel, the ship of some right suggestion, of some better phrase, of the next happy twist of my subject, the next true touch for my canvas, mightn't come into sight." When James set out to explore the origins of the novel in 1906, he defined it as "a square and spacious house." A house of fiction has "not one window, but a million," from which one may peer out at the "spreading field, the human scene."

The protagonist is Isabel Archer, a penniless orphan. She goes to England to stay with her aunt and uncle, and their tubercular son, Ralph. Isabel inherits money and goes to Continent with Mrs Touchett and Madame Merle. She turns down proposals of marriage from Casper Goodwood, and marries Gilbert Osmond, a middle-aged snobbish widower with a young daughter, Pansy. "He had a light, lean, rather languid-looking figure, and was apparently neither tall nor short. He was dressed as a man who takes little other trouble about it than to have no vulgar thing." Isabel discovers that Pansy is Madame Merle's daughter, it was Madame Merle's plot to marry Isabel to Osmond so that he, and Pansy can enjoy Isabel's wealth. Caspar Goodwood makes a last attempt to gain her, but she returns to Osmond and Pansy.

The Bostonians (1886), set in the era of the rising feminist movement, was based on Alphonse Daudet's novel L'Évangéliste. What Maisie Knew (1897) depicted a preadolescent young girl, who must chose between her parents and a motherly old governess. In The Wings of the Dove (1902) a heritage destroys the love of a young couple. James considered The Ambassadors (1903) his most "perfect" work of art. The novel depicts Lambert Strether's attempts to persuade Mrs Newsome' son Chad to return from Paris back to the United States. Strether's possibility to marry Mrs Newsome is dropped and he remains content in his role as a widower and observer. "The beauty that suffuses The Ambassadors is the reward due to a fine artist for hard work. James knew exactly what he wanted, he pursued the narrow path of aesthetic duty, and success to the full extent of his possibilities has crowned him. The pattern has woven itself, with modulation and reservations Anatole France will never attain. But at what sacrifice!" (from Aspects of the Novel by E.M. Forster, 1927)

Although James is best-known for his novels, his essays are now attracting audience outside scholarly connoisseurs. In his early critics James considered British and American novels dull and formless and French fiction "intolerably unclean." "M. Zola is magnificent, but he strikes an English reader as ignorant; he has an air of working in the dark; if he had as much light as energy, his results would be of the highest value." (from The Art of Fiction) In Partial Portraits (1888) James paid tribute to his elders, and Emerson, George Eliot, and Turgenev. His advice to aspiring writers avoided all theorizing: "Oh, do something from your point of view." H.G. Wells used James as the model for George Boon in his Boon (1915). When the protagonist argued that novels should be used for propaganda, not art, James wrote to Wells: "It is art that makes life, makes interest, makes importance, and I know of no substitute whatever for the force and beauty of its process. If I were Boon I should say that any pretense of such a substitute is helpless and hopeless humbug; but I wouldn't be Boon for the world, and am only yours faithfully, Henry James."

James's most famous tales include 'The Turn of the Screw,' written mostly in the form of a journal, was first published serially in Collier's Weekly, and then with another story in The Two Magics (1898). The protagonist is a governess, who works on a lonely estate in England. She tries to save her two young charges, Flora and Miles, two both innocent and corrupted children, from the demonic influence of the apparitions of two former servants in the household, steward Peter Quint and the previous governess Miss Jessel. Her employer, the children's uncle, has given strict orders not to bother him with any of the details of their education. Although the children evade the questions about the ghosts but she certain is that the children see them. When she tries to exorcize their influence, Miles dies in her arms. The story inspired later a debate over the question of the "reality" of the ghosts, were her visions only hallucinations. In the beginning of his career James had rejected "spirit-rappings and ghost-raising," but in the 1880s he become interested in the unconscious and the supernatural. James wrote in 1908 that "Peter Quint and Miss Jessel are not "ghosts" at all, as we now know the ghost, but goblins, elves, imps, demons as loosely constructed as those of the old trials for witchcraft; if not, more pleasingly, fairies of the legendary order, wooing their victims forth to see them dance under the moon." Virginia Woolf thought that Henry James's beings have nothing in common with the violent old ghosts - "the blood-stained captains, the white horses, the headless ladies of dark lanes and windy commons." Edmund Wilson was convinced that the story was "primarily intended as a characterization of the governess."

For further reading: The Method of Henry James by J.W. Beach (1918); The Art of Fiction by Percy Lubbock (1921); The Pilgrimage of Henry James by V.W. Brooks (1925); The James Family, ed. by F.O. Matthiessen (1947); The Triple Thinkers by Edmund Wilson (1948); The Great Tradition by by F.R. Leavis (1948); Henry James by F.W. Dupee (1951); The Image of Europe in Henry James by C. Wegelin (1958); The Expense of Vision by by L. Holand (1964); Henry James by Leon Edel (1953-72, 5 vols.); Theory of Fiction by James E. Miller (1972); James the Critic by Vivien Jones (1984); The Wordsworth Book of Literary Anecdotes by Robert Hendrickson (1990); A Companion to Henry James Studies, ed. by Daniel Mark Fogel (1993); Classic Horror Writers, ed. by Harold Bloom (1994); A Private Life of Henry James by Lyndall Gordon (1999); Henry James and Modern Moral Life by Robert B. Pippin (2001); Portrait of a Novel: Henry James and the Making of an American Masterpiece by Michael Edward Gorra (2012) - See also: H.G. Wells, Emanuel Swedenborg, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung. Swedenborg's ideas run heavily in Henry James' family. His father was a Swedenborgian and William James, the son of Henry James, showed in his philosophical works a deep understanding of Swedenborg. - Note: In her study A Private Life of Henry James (1999), Lyndall Gordon has focused on two relationships James had with two women. Minny Temple, his cousin, died at the age of 24 of tuberculosis. James used her as the model for such characters as Daisy Miller and Isabel Archer. The relationship with Constance 'Fenimore' Woolson lasted 14 years - she was nicknamed Fenimore for her great-uncle James. Woolson died perhaps by her own volition: she fell to her death in Venice from a bedroom window.

WIILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910) American philosopher and psychologist. William James earned a medical degree from Harvard University in 1869 and helped in 1884 found the American Society for Psychical Research. James is best known for his formulation of the philosophy of pragmatism, according to which truth is relative and best measured by the extent to which it serves human freedom. Selected works: Principles of Psychology (1890); The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (1897); Varieties of Religious Experience (1902); Pragmatism (1907); Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912).

Selected works:

• Pyramus and Thisbe, 1869 (play)
• Still Waters, 1871 (play)
• A Change of Heart, 1872 (play)
• The Sweetheart of M. Briseux, 1873
  
• A Passionate Pilgrim, and Other Tales, 1875
• Roderick Hudson, 1875
• Transatlantic Sketches, 1875
• The American, 1877
• French Poets and Novelists, 1878
• Watch and Ward, 1878 (published first in serial form in 1871)
• The Europeans, 1878
  - Eurooppalaiset (suom. Kalevi Lappalainen, 1968)
  - films: 1958 (TV drama), dir. Lamont Johnson, starring Peter Cookson, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Nico Minardos; 1979, dir. by James Ivory, screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, starring Lee Remick, Robin Ellis, Tim Woodward
• Daisy Miller, 1879
  - film 1974, dir. by Peter Bogdanovich, starring Cybil Shepherd, Barry Brown, Cloris Leachman
• Confidence, 1879
• An International Episode, 1879
• The Madonna of the Future, and Other Tales, 1879
• Hawthorne, 1880
• The Diary of a Man of Fifty, 1880
• A Bundle of Letters, 1880 (reprinted from the Parisian)
• Washington Square, 1880
  - Washingtonin aukio (suom. Kersti Juva, 2003)
  - films: The Heiress in 1949, dir. by William Wyler, starring Olivia de Havilland, Montgomery Clift, Ralph Richardson; Victoria, 1972, prod. Estudios América (Mexico), dir. José Luis Ibáñez; 1997, dir. by Agnieszka Holland, starring Jennifer Jason Leigh, Albert Finney, Ben Chaplin. Romaani WASHINGTON SQUARE (1880) on esitetty suomeksi näytelmänä Perijätär.
• The Portrait of a Lady, 1881
  - Naisen muotokuva (suom. J.A. Hollo, 1955)
  - films: 1968 (TV film), dir. James Cellan Jones, starring Richard Chamberlain, Edward Fox, Suzanne Neve; Ritratto di signora, 1975 (TV mini-series), prod. Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI), dir. Sandro Sequi; 1996, dir. by Jane Campion, starring Nicole Kidman, John Malkovich
• The Siege of London, 1883
• Impressions of a Cousin, 1883
  
• Portraits of Places, 1883
• Daisy Miller, 1883 (play)
• A Little Tour in France, 1884
• Tales of Three Cities, 1884
• The Art of Fiction, 1885 (with W. Besant)
• The Author of Beltraffio, 1885
• Stories Revived, 1885
• The Bostonians, 1886
  - Bostonin naiset (suom. Kaarina Ripatti, 1986)
  - films: Les Bostoniennes, 1962, dir. Yves-André Hubert, starrin Alice Sapritch, Michel Etcheverry, Janine Crispin, Raymone; The Bostonians, 1984, dir. by James Ivory, screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, starring Christopher Reeve, Vanessa Redgrave, Madeleine Potter; The Californians, 2005, dir. Jonathan Parker, starring Noah Wyle, Illeana Douglas, Kate Mara, Cloris Leachman
• The Princess Casamassima, 1886
• The Reverberator, 1888
• Partial Portraits, 1888
• The Aspen Papers, 1888
  - films: 1946 dir. by Martin Gabel, starring Robert Cummings, Susan Hayward, Agnes Moorehead; A Garden in the Sea, 1954 (TV drama), adaptation Michael Dyne, starring Dorothy McGuire, Anne Meacham, Donald Murphy, Mildred Natwick; A Garden in the Sea (TV drama), dir. John Llewellyn Moxey; 1985, dir. by Eduardo de Gregorio, starring Jean Sorel, Bulle Ogier, Alida Valli
• A London Life, 1889
• The Tragic Muse, 1890
• The Wheel of Time, 1892
• The Lesson of the Master, 1892
• The Private Life, 1893
• Essays in London and Elsewhere, 1893
• Picture and Text, 1893
  
• The Real Thing and Other Tales, 1893
• Theatricals. Two comedies: Tenants, Disengaged, 1894
  
• The Album, 1894 (play)
• Disengaged, 1894 (play)
• The Reprobate, 1894 (play)
• Tenants, 1894 (play)
• Guy Domville, 1895
• Theatricals, 1895
  
• Terminations, 1895
• Embarrassments, 1896
• The Other House, 1896
• The Spoils of Poynton, 1897
• John Delavoy, 1897
  
• George du Maurier, 1897
  
• What Maisie Knew, 1897
  - Mitä Maisie tiesi (suom. Kyllikki Villa, Sinikka Kurikka, 1974)
  - films: 1969 (TV film), dir. Derek Martinus, starring Sally Thomsett; 1975, dir. by Babette Mangolte
• In the Cage, 1898
• Two Magics, 1898 (contains 'The Turn of the Screw' and 'Covering End')
  - films: The Turn of the Screw, 1959 (TV film), dir. John Frankenheimer, starring Ingrid Bergman; The Turn of the Screw, 1959, opera version by Benjamin Britten, dir. Peter Morley; The Innocents in 1961, dir.by Jack Clayton, written by William Archibald and Truman Capote, starring Deborah Kerr, Michael Redgrave, Peter Wyngarde, Megs Jenkins; Die Sündigen Engel, 1962, prod. Bavaria Atelier, dir. Ludwig Cremer; The Nightcomers, 1971 (loosely based on James's story), prod. Elliott Kastner-Jay Kanter-Alan Ladd Jnr Productions, dir. by Michael Winner, starring Marlon Brando, Stephanie Beacham, Thora Hird, Verna Harvey, Christopher Ellis, Anna Palk; Le Tour d'écrou, 1974 (TV film), dir. Raymond Rouleau; The Turn of the Screw, 1974 (TV film), dir. Dan Curtis, starring Lynn Redgrave; Otra vuelta de tuerca, 1985, dir. Eloy de la Iglesia, starring Pedro Mari Sánchez, Queta Claver, Asier Hernández, Cristina Goyanes; British/French adaptation from 1992, dir. by Rusty Lemorande, starring Patsy Kensit, Stephane Audran, Julia Sands; Presence of Mind, 1999, dir. Antoni Aloy, starring Sadie Frost; The Turn of the Screw, 2003, dir. Nick Millard; In a Dark Place, 2005, dir. Donato Rotunno, starring Leelee Sobieski, Tara Fitzgerald, Christian Olson, Gabrielle Adam. - Suomessa esitety kuunnelmana Ruuvi kiristyy.
• The Awkward Age, 1899
• The Soft Side, 1900
• The Sacred Fount, 1901
• The Wings of the Dove, 1902
  - films: 1952 (TV drama), dir. Franklin J. Schaffner, starring Stella Andrew, Charlton Heston, Felicia Montealegre; 1979 (TV drama), prod. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), dir. John Gorrie; Les Ailes de la colombe, 1981, dir. Benoît Jacquot, starring Isabelle Huppert, Dominique Sanda, Michele Placido; 1997, dir. by Iain Softley, starring Helena Bonham Carter, Linus Roache, Alison Elliott; Under Heaven, 1997, dir. by Meg Richman, starring Molly Parker, Aden Young, Joely Richardson. - Suomeksi esitetty näytelmänä Kyyhkysen siivet.
• The Ambassadors, 1903
• William Wetmore Story and His Friends, 1903
• The Better Sort, 1903
• The Golden Bowl, 1904
  - film 2000, dir. by James Ivory, screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, starring Nick Nolte and Uma Thurman. "Much of the dialogue in Ms. Jhabvala's carefully wrought screenplay voices feelings that remain unspoken in the novel, and this is the movie's biggest problem. No matter how well the characters' thoughts have been translated into speech, the act of compressing their rich, complex inner lives into dialogue without resorting to voice-over narration inevitably tends to cheapen them and turn a drama about the revelation of hidden truths into the terser, more commonplace language of an intelligent soap opera." (Stephen Holden in The New York Times, April 27, 2001)
• English Hours, 1905
• The Question of Our Speech; The Lesson of Balzac: Two Lectures, 1905
• The American Scene, 1907
• Views and Reviews, 1908 (introduction by Le Roy Phillips)
  
• The Whole Family: A Novel by Twelve Authors, 1908 (with others)
  
• Julia Bride, 1909 ( illustrated by W.T. Smedley) 
• Novels and Tales (New York Edition), 1907-09 (24 vols.)
• Italian Hours, 1909
• The Finer Grain, 1909
• The Outcry, 1911
• Henry James Yearbook, 1911 (selected and arranged by Evelyn Garnaut Smalley, with an introduction by Henry James and William Dean Howells)
• A Small Boy and Others, 1913
• Notes of a Son and Brother, 1914
• Notes on Novelists, with Some Other Notes, 1914
• The Question of the Mind, 1915
• Letters to an Editor, 1916
• Letters from America, 1916 (Rupert Brooke's letters collected by Henry James)
• The Ivory Tower, 1917
• The Sense of the Past, 1917 (unfinished)
  
• The Middle Years, 1917
• Gabrielle de Bergerac, 1918
• Travelling Companions, 1919
• Within the Rim, 1919
• Letters of Henry James, 1920 (selected and edited by Percy Lubbock)
• Master Eustace, 1920
• Notes and Reviews, 1921
• A Letter to Mrs. Linton, 1921
• Notes and reviews, 1921 (with a preface by Pierre de Chaignon la Rose; a series of twenty-five papers hitherto unpublished in book form)
• Monologue Written for Ruth Draper, 1922 (play)
• Novels and Stories, 1921-23 (35 vols., ed. by Percy Lubbock)
• A Most Unholy Trade, 1925
  
• Three Letters to Joseph Conrad, 1926
• Letters to Walter Berry, 1928
• Letters to A.C. Benson and Auguste Monod, 1930 (edited with an introduction by E.F. Benson)
• Theatre and Friendship, 1932 (ed. by Elizabeth Robins)
• The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces, 1934 (edited by R.P. Blackmur)
• American Novels and Stories, 1947 (edited by F.O. Matthiessen)
• The Noteboooks of Henry James, 1947 (edited by F.O. Matthiessen and Kenneth B. Murdock)
• Henry James and Robert Louis Stevenson, 1948 (edited by Janet Smith)
• The American, 1949 (play)
• The High Bid, 1949 (play)
• Guy Domville, 1949 (play)
• The Other House, 1949 (play)
• The Outcry, 1949 (play)
• Rough Statement for Three Acts Founded on the Chaperon, 1949 (play)
• The Saloon, 1949 (play)
• Summersoft, 1949 (play)
• The Scenic Art; Notes on Acting & the Drama, 1872-1901, 1957 (edited, with an introd. and notes, by Allan Wade)
• The Ghostly Tales of Henry James, 1949 (ed. with an introd. by Léon Edel)
• Eight Uncollected Tales, 1950 (edited with an introduction by Edna Kenton)
  
• The Portable Henry James, 1951 (edited, and with an introd., by Morton Dauwen Zabel)
• American Essays, 1956 (edited by Leon Edel)
• The Painter's Eye, 1956 (edited by John L. Sweeney)
• The Future of the Novel, 1956
• Parisian Sketches: Letters to the New York Tribune, 1875-1876, 1957 (edited with an introd. by Leon Edel and Ilse Dusoir Lind)
• Literary Reviews and Essays on American, English, and French Literature, 1957 (edited by Albert Mordell)
• The House of Fiction, 1957 (edited by Leon Edel)
• The Art of Travel, 1958
• Henry James and H. G. Wells: A Record of Their Friendship, Their Debate on the Art of Fiction, and Their Quarrel, 1958 (edited with an introd. by Leon Edel & Gordon N. Ray)
• French Writers and American Women, 1960 (edited by Peter Buitenhuis)
• The Complete Tales of Henry James, 1962-64 (12 vols.)
• Selected Literary Criticism, 1963 (ed. by Morris Shapira)
• Theory of Fiction, 1972 (edited by James E. Miller, Jr.)
• Letters of Henry James, 1974-84 (4 vols., edited by Leon Edel)
• The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces, 1984 (with a foreword by R.W.B. Lewis and an introduction by R.P. Blackmur)
• Henry James: Literary Criticism, Vol. 2, 1985 (edited by Leon Edel)
• The Art of Criticism: Henry James on the Theory and the Practice of Fiction, 1986 (edited by William Veeder and Susan M. Griffin)
• The Critical Muse: Selected Literary Criticism, 1987 (edited, with an introduction, by Roger Gard)
  
• Selected Letters of Henry James to Edmund Gosse, 1882-1915: A Literary Friendship, 1988 (edited by Rayburn S. Moore)
• Collected Travel Writing, 1993 (edited by Richard Howard)
• Traveling in Italy with Henry James: Essays, 1994 (edited by Fred Kaplan)
• Henry James: Complete Stories 1898-1910, 1996 (edited by Denis Donoghue)
• William and Henry James: Selected Letters, 1997 (edited by Ignas K. Skrupskelis and Elizabeth M. Berkeley; with an introduction by John J. McDermott)
• Letters from the Palazzo Barbaro, 1998 (edited by Rosella Mamoli Zorzi)
• Henry James: Complete Stories 1874-1884, 1999 (edited by Edward W. Said, William Vance)
• Henry James: Complete Stories 1884-1891, 1999 (edited by Edward W. Said, William Vance)
• Henry James on Culture: Collected Essays on Politics and the American Social Scene, 2003 (edited by Pierre Walker)
  
• Tales of Henry James, 2003 (edited by Christof Wegelin and Henry Wonham)
• The Uncollected Henry James: Newly Discovered Stories, 2004 (edited by Floyd R. Horowitz)
• The Portable Henry James, 2004 (edited with an introduction by John Auchard)
• Beloved Boy: Letters to Hendrik C. Andersen, 1899-1915, 2004 (edited by Rosella Mamoli Zorzi; introduction to the English-language edition by Millicent Bell; afterword by Elena di Majo)
• The New York Stories of Henry James, 2006 (selected and with an introduction by Colm Tóibín)
• The Complete Letters of Henry James, 1855-1872, 2006 (2 vols., edited by Pierre A. Walker and Greg W. Zacharias; with an introduction by Alfred Habegger) 
  
• Henry James’s Waistcoat: Letters to Mrs. Ford, 1907-1915, 2007 (foreword by Philip Horne; edited by Rosalind Bleach)
• The Complete Letters of Henry James, 1872-1876, 2008- (edited by Pierre A. Walker and Greg W. Zacharias; with an introduction by Millicent Bell)
• The Complete Letters of Henry James, 1876-1878, 2012- (edited by Pierre A. Walker and Greg W. Zacharias; with an introduction by Martha Banta)