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Tapio (Felix) Hiisivaara (1907-1971)

 

Finnish writer, journalist, and translator who specialized on such authors as Fredric Brown, Carter Brown, Mickey Spillane, Ross MacDonald, Eric Ambler  and Leon Uris. Tapio Hiisivaara also translated non-fiction about the First World War, World War II and the Six-Days War of Israel. His own books Hiisivaara wrote with ease, he was a natural story teller, who moved without effort from one literary genre into another. Like Mika Waltari, Hiisivaara was very interested in Turkey, not exactly Finland's neighborhood country - the distance between Helsinki and Istanbul is some 2100 kilometers. Contacts between Finland and Turkey were closest during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, when some thousand Finnish soldiers participated in the campaign.

--"Uskomattoman surullinen ja apea on ensimmäinen vaikutelma, mutta muurien ulkopuolella olevat muutamat talot eivät ole Istanbul eikä Istanbul ole Turkki... Vanha raitiovaunu tulee rämisten vastaan, sellainen, jossa istutaan selkä seinään päin, ja pakettiauton on ajettava aivan jalkakäytävän reunakiveen kiinni antaessaan tilaa. Katu jatkuu mutkaisena, huonosti kivettynä. Talojen ikkunat ovat harmaita, pesemättömiä ja täynnä kärpäsen likaa.
--
Katsomme vaimoni kanssa toisiamme ja sanon: - Eikö tule Itä-Karjala mieleen?"
(from Tarunhohtoinen Turkki, 1950)

Tapio Hiisivaara was born in Helsinki, the son of Felix Hjalmar Hiisivaara, a tinsmith, and Emilia Lindberg. After studies at a mixed secondary school, Hiisivaara made between the years 1927 and 1930 several journeys in Europe, Africa, South America, and North America as a seaman, reporter, and traveler. He then worked as a journalist for the Social Democratic newspapers Pohjanmaan Kansa (1931-32), Kansan lehti (1932-37), and Suomen Sosialidemokraatti (1937-44). In 1942 he married Sirkka Liisa Kokko, an employee at a publishing firm. They had four children.

During the Finnish Winter War (1939-40) and Continuation War (1941-44) Hiisivaara served in the army as a platoon commander and war correspondent. While in Nurmoila, his roommate was the poet Yrjö Jylhä, who had served as an officer in the infernal fights in Taipaleenjoki (the Taipale river). Jylhä was silent for long periods, not speaking without necessity, but occasionally they had day-long discussions which continued late into the night.

In 1941 Hiisivaara published his first book, Olinhan siellä minäkin, a war memoir from 1939-40. "Niin pitkälle kuin näemme, puolisen kilometriä kumpaankin suuntaan puolustusasemien pituuteen päin ja ylöspäin mäen laelle takanamme, kiehuu rinne kranaateista. Metsän puut ryskyvät valittavasti kaatuessaan, paksuja runkoja pakkautuu poikittain juoksuhaudan ylitse. Vihollinen ampuu vielä kranaatinheittimillä, erotamme selvästi niiden kimeämmän vihellyksen ja terävämmän räiskähdyksen. Jokin konekiväärisuihku hukkuu yleiseen meluun, mutta silloin tällöin kuulemme sodan sinfonian piccoloääninä kimeitä ujelluksia." (from Olinhan siellä minäkin)

After the war Hiisivaara's Narva 1700 (1944), published by WSOY, was banned and removed from libraries to please the Allied Control Commission, in practice the Soviet members of the ACC. The book gave an account of the battle of Narva in 1700, in which King Karl XII of Sweden and his heroic Caroleans won the huge Russian army, commanded by Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great). In his translations of historical works, Hiisivaara concentrated on books dealing with the European war scene. Geschichte des zweiten Weltkriegs by Kurt von Tippelskirch came out in 1959-1960. It was followed in 1962-63 by William L. Shirer's classic work, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.

Hiisivaara became a full-time writer in 1945. Pälkäneen miekka ja Izmirin huntu  (1948), a historical novel, was devoted to Erik Nystedt, a dragoon, the author's forefather from the 17th-century. The story follows the adventures of Pekka Ristonpoika Tuomaala and his friend Topias and his horse, Musto, from Poltava to Turkey, and finally to Finland. Myrkkynuolia, kahvia, banaaneja (1945) gave an account of Hiisivaara's early journey from Montevideo to Rio de Janeiro and his experiences in odd jobs, among others as a vacqueiro, a cowboy, in Brazil. The journey took over a year. Hiisivaara used all kinds of vehicles from canoe and raft to train, and he also walked long distances. He spoke some Spanish and after five moths he read Portuguese novels. "At a young age one learns quickly," Hiisivaara said - at that time he was about 23. Between the years 1949 and 1955 Hiisivaara again travelled widely, this time in Turkey, Spain and Sahara. In 1949 Hiisivaara wrote for Suomen Kuvalehti and Finlandia Pictorail and from 1952 to 1953 he edited the magazine Viikkosanomat.

Santa Clara (1949) was a sea novel, which focused on the exhausting everyday work on an old ship, the SS Santa Clara. At the end of the story the ship sinks and Iso Kotka (big eagle), the protagonist, swims ashore to an tropical island. In his review for the magazine Valvoja (3/1950) Kauko Kula said that for its reader, the novel offers a fresh, salt scented sea experience.

Hiisivaara's travel book from Spain, Hurja, viehkeä Espanja, was published in 1949. The following year he wrote about Turkey, where he travelled with his wife. As a former officer Hiisivaara was especially interested in Turkey's war history, army, and military bases. "The Turkish army is world famous for its discipline,"  said Hiisivaara, "but at parades and marches the infantry gives somewhat clumsy although strong and firm impression." In his later works Hiisivaara dealt with American Indians and espionage. Polttavaa hiekkaa  (1955) was Hiisivaara's last travel book. After this work he focused more on translating novels and non-fiction into Finnish. From 1966, he specialized in Carter Brown paperback novels. Possibly he met Curzio Malaparte, when the Italian journalist traveled in Finland during War II and stayed at the Hotel Torni in Helsinki. Hiisivaara's translation of Malaparte's La Pelle came out in 1969.

Polttavaa hiekkaa depicted mostly Hiisivaara's experiences in Algeria. His tactics in making acquaintances was straightforward but effective: because he could speak French, he went to the nearest a bar, and started to talk with local people. Thus one day Hiisivaara drank with two Germans who had joined the French Foreign Legion and complained that they did not have any beer at their fortress, only vine. In 1954 the National Liberation Front (FLN) had started its open warfare against French rule, but Hiisivaara's sympathies were on French side - he argues that France is fighting for European culture. "Jos Pohjois-Afrikka lakkaa olemasta eurooppalainen maa, ihmiskunta heilahtaa arvaamattoman vaarallisen lähelle todella pohjatonta kuilua, jonka surkeutta ja synkkyyttä kammottaa ajatellakin. Siten Ranskan taistelu Pohjois-Afrikassa on koko maanosan yhteinen asia." According to Hiisivaara - whose opinions are openly racist - especially the intolerant Islamic religion further complicates the building of the atom-age world.

Selected works:

  • Tampereen piirin sos.-dem. nuorisojärjestö 15-vuotias: juhlajulkaisu merkkipäivän johdosta, 1936 (editor)
  • Olinhan siellä minäkin, 1941
    - En av många (translated by Lorenz von Numers, 1941)
  • Saksan voitto lännessä 1940, 1941
  • Narva 1700, 1944
  • Myrkkynuolia, kahvia, banaaneja, seikkailuja ja kokemuksia Brasilian kuuman auringon alla, 1945
  • Pälkäneen miekka ja Izmirin huntu, 1948
  • Verisen kullan meri, 1948
    - "Hiisivaaralle on annettava täysi tunnustus hänen taidostaan kostuttaa tietojen erämaata omalaatuisen huumorinsa viinillä, niin että lukija on kuin merirosvo ja suuri seikkailija ikään aina valmis jatkamaan tarpomistaan Antillien verisellä Golgatalla." (Juha Nousiainen in Helsingin Sanomat)
  • Hurja, viehkeä Espanja, 1949
  • Santa Clara: romaani mereltä, 1949
  • Intiaanit tulevat, 1950
    - "Teoksen nimenä ovat sanat, jotka entisaikoina herättivät kerta kerran perästä kauhua kaukaisen lännen uudisasukkaiden mielessä. Tekijä tunnetaan monien vauhdikkaiden matkakirjain sepittäjänä. Nyt hän esiinttäytyy USA:n ja Kanadankin intiaanien historioitsijana. Arkeologis-kansatieteellisen johdannon jälkeen saamme tutustua punanahkojen neljä vuosisataa kestäneeseen taisteluun kalpeanaamoja vastaan. Hiisivaaran kirja on kuin jännitysromaani, mutta se vetoaa myös lukijan parempaan minään, sillä onhan kyseessä kokonaisen rodun väistyminen valloittajain tieltä." (Toivo Itkonen in Arvosteleva kirjaluettelo 1950: 9/10)
  • Tarunhohteinen Turkki, 1950
  • translator:  Eric Lundqvist, Ihmissyöjien ystävänä, 1951 (original title: Kamrat med kannibaler)
  • translator: W. Santley Moss, Kenraali katoaa, 1951 (original title: Ill Met by Moonlight)
  • translator: Bengt Danielsson, Paratiisia etsimässä, 1951  (original title: Den lyckliga ön)
  • Vakoilua toisessa maailmansodassa, 1951
  • translator: Netta Muskett, Kohtalon langat, 1952 (original title: The Clency Tradition)
  • translator: Ernest K. Gann, Onnensoturi, 1955 (original title: Soldier of Fortune)
  • translator: Eric Ambler, Oikeuden pitkä käsi, 1955 (original title:  A Coffin for Dimitrios)
  • Polttavaa hiekkaa, 1955
  • translator: Hans Herlin, Kirottu Atlantti: saksalaisten sukellusveneiden kohtaloita. 1960 (original title: Verdammter Atlantik)
  • translator: Karl Bartz, Taivas on liekeissä: Saksan lentoaseen taistelu ja tuho, 1956 (original title: Als der Himmel brannte)
  • translator: Kurt von Tippelskirch, Toisen maailmansodan historia. 1-4, 1959-1960 (original title: Gesichte des zweiten Weltkriegs)
  • translator: Jack Webb, Arka armaani, 1961 (original title: The Delicate Darling)  
  • translator: Ross Macdonald, Barbaarirannikko, 1961 (original title: The Barbarous Coast)
  • translator: Sten Bergman, Isäni on ihmissyöjä, 1961 (original title: Min far är kannibal)
  • translator: Fredric Brown, Kohtalokas koputus, 1961 (original title: Knock Three-One-Two)
  • translator: Sven Granath, Kuilu, 1961 (original title: Klyftan)
  • translator: George Martelli, Mies joka pelasti Lontoon, 1961 (original title: Agent Extraordinary)
  • translator: Will James, Savu, preerian villi hevonen, 1961  (original title: Smoky the Cow Horse)
  • translator: Ben Benson, Tyttö ahdingossa, 1961  (original title: Girl in the Gage)
  • translator: Jack Webb, Vaskinen sädekehä, 1961  (original title: The Brass Halo)
  • translator: William L. Shirer Kolmannen valtakunnan nousu ja tuho: kansallissosialistisen Saksan historia. 1-2. 1962 (original title: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich)
  • translator: Leon Uris, Mila 18, 1962 (original title: Mila 18)
  • translator: Jack Webb, Tilit selviksi, 1962 (original title: One for My Dame)
  • translator: Primo Levi, Tällainenko on ihminen, 1962 (original title: Se questo è un uomo)
  • translator:  Elmer Horn, Vankkurit vierivät länteen: seikkailuromaani, 1962 (original title: Vagntoget mod Vest)
  • translator: Elmer Horn, Yli valtameren: seikkailuromaani, 1962 (original title: Over havet)
  • translator: Rosemary Sutcliff, Miekka ja auringonlasku, 1963 (original title: Sword at Sunset)
  • translator: Leon Uris, Taisteluhuuto: romaani, 1963 (original title: Battle Cry)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Cissie oli tähti, 1966 (original title: The Dance of Death)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Gilda oli pimu, 1966 (original title: Murder is a Package Deal)
  • translator: Kauhutarinoiden parhaita, 1966 (contains stories by Bram Stoker, E. Bulwer Lytton, Frederik Marryat, Nathaniel Hawthorne)
  • translator: Henry Kane, Kuoleman naamiaiset, 1966 (original title: Death on the Double) 
  • translator: Carter Brown, Mestariampuja, 1966 (original title: The Dumdum Murder)
  • translator: H.G.Wells, Näkymätön mies, 1966 (original title: The Invisible Man)
  • translator: Donald E. Westkake, Olen palkattu murhaaja, 1966 (original title: The Mercenaries)
  • translator: Douglas Enefer, Pistooli paukkuu, 1966 (original title: The Dark Kiss)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Samettikettu, 1966 (original title: The Velvet Vixen)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Se oli hasardia, 1966 (original title: The Scarlet Flush)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Se oli murha, 1966 (original title: The Never-Was Girl)
  • translator: Richard Deming, Syyllinen vai syytön?, 1966 (original title: This Game of Murder)
  • translator: Andrew Frazer, Sikarinpurijain pörssi, 1967 (original title: The Fall of Marty Moon)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Tähti ja playboy, 1967 (original title: The Everloving Blues)
  • translator: Philip Atlee, Agenttina Aasiassa, 1967 (original title: The Star Ruby Contract)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Alamaailman päällikkö, 1967 (original title: The Bump and Grind Murders)
  • translator: John Hunter, Castron kannoilla, 1967 (original title: Net of Fear)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Hempukka kellarissa, 1967 (original title: No Blonde is an Island)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Kiinalaiset aarteet, 1967 (original title: Catch me a Phoenix)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Konnien kourissa, 1967 (original title: The Unorthodox Corpse)
  • translator (with Pekka Saloranta): Robert J. Donovan et al., Kuusi kesäkuun päivää: Lähi-idän sota 5.-10.6.1967, 1967 (original title: Israel’s Fight for Survival)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Mavis matadorina, 1967 (original title: Murder Wears a Mantilla)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Mustalla listalla, 1967 (original title: Blonde on the Rocks)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Nappi otsaan, 1967 (original title: A Bullet for my Baby)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Rahaa, ruutia, ruumiita, 1967 (original title: None but the Lethal Heart)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Ruumis jouluksi, 1967 (original title: A Corpse for Christmas)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Seksikauppias, 1967 (original title: Target for their Dark Desire)
  • ”Tuhannenpa verran poikia läksi…”: Suomen kaarti Balkanin sodassa 1877-1878, 1968
  • translator: Carter Brown, Turvaton Venus, 1968 (original title: Venus Unarmed)
  • translator: Carter Brown, TV tekee kauhukuvaa, 1968 (original title: So What Killed the Vampire)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Tyttö ulkoavaruudesta, 1968 (original title: The Girl from Outer Space)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Vaarallista väkeä, 1968 (original title: The Sometime Wife)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Gangsteripomo, 1968 (original title: The Black Lace Hangover)
  • translator: Richard Henry Dana, Kaksi vuotta keulanpuolella, 1968 (original title: Two Years before the Mast)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Katse alastomaan - päin!, 1968 (original title: Nude - with a View)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Kuka murhasi tohtori Seksin?, 1968 (original title: Who Killed Doctor Sex?)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Leski ei itke, 1968 (original title:  No Tears from the Widow)
  • translator: Leonard Gribble, Lontoon sumussa, 1968 (original title: Strip-tease Macabre)
  • translator: Philip Atlee, Murhalintu Meksikosta, 1968 (original title: The Death Bird Contract)
  • translator: Ronald Johnston, Pirunirti Pohjanmerellä, 1968 (original title: The Wrecking of Offshore Five)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Puhelintyttö Kaliforniasta, 1968 (original title: Until Temptation Do Us Part)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Salamat sinkoilevat, 1968 (original title: The Hammer of Thor)
  • translator: Philip Atlee, Salatehtävä Tahitissa, 1968 (original title: The Paper Pistol Contract)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Seksikatti Sally, 1968 (original title: Blonde on a Broomstick)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Tapahtui Hollywoodissa, 1968 (original title: Play Now - Kill Later)
  • translator: Curzio Malaparte, Iho, 1969 (original title: La pelle)
  • translator: Mickey Spillane, Kosto on minun, 1969 (original title: Vengeance is Mine)
  • translator: Norman Daniels, Operaatio, 1969 (original title: Operation T)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Punatukka Roomasta, 1969 (original title: The Jade-Eyed Jungle)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Sametilla vuorattu ruumisarkku, 1969 (original title: The Plush-Lined Coffin)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Seidlitz ja suurvakooja, 1969 (original title: Seidlitz and the Superspy)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Seksikääpiö, 1969 (original title: House of Sorcery)
  • translator: Carter Brown, Tuhma, vanha miljonääri, 1969 (original title: Long Time No Leola) 


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